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Created Create DevTerm R01 OS image from scratch (markdown)
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Create-DevTerm-R01-OS-image-from-scratch.md
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Create-DevTerm-R01-OS-image-from-scratch.md
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# Before start
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Our system image is modified based on fedora wiki
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The main thing is to replace the root fs and kernel files
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Some linux experience is required to handle every possible situation
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there are some discrepancies with the final system image
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So this document is more suitable for the guidance of the d1 system image
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# Prepare
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a ubuntu linux system, like ubuntu 21.04
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install riscv64 gcc
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`sudo apt install gcc-11-riscv64-linux-gnu binutils-riscv64-linux-gnu`
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install qemu static for chroot
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`sudo apt install qemu-user-static`
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# Bootloader
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### reference doc:
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https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Architectures/RISC-V/Allwinner
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```
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git clone https://github.com/smaeul/sun20i_d1_spl
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pushd sun20i_d1_spl
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git checkout origin/mainline
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make CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-linux-gnu- p=sun20iw1p1 mmc
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popd
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```
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```
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pushd sun20i_d1_spl
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sudo dd if=nboot/boot0_sdcard_sun20iw1p1.bin of=/dev/sdX bs=512 seek=16
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```
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git clone https://github.com/tekkamanninja/opensbi -b allwinner_d1
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pushd opensbi
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CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-linux-gnu- PLATFORM=generic FW_PIC=y BUILD_INFO=y make
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popd
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```
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git clone https://github.com/tekkamanninja/u-boot -b allwinner_d1
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pushd u-boot
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make CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-linux-gnu- ARCH=riscv nezha_defconfig
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make CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-linux-gnu- ARCH=riscv menuconfig
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make CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-linux-gnu- ARCH=riscv u-boot.bin u-boot.dtb
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popd
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```
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**in menuconfig, there is an import option must be selected:**
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otherwises, the boot will hang
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## u-boot.toc1
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[opensbi]
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file = fw_dynamic.bin
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addr = 0x40000000
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[dtb]
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file = u-boot.dtb
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addr = 0x44000000
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[u-boot]
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file = u-boot.bin
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addr = 0x4a000000
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```
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pushd u-boot
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cp ${PATH_TO_TOC1_CFG}/toc1.cfg ${PATH_TO_OPENSBI}/fw_dynamic.bin .
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tools/mkimage -T sunxi_toc1 -d toc1.cfg u-boot.toc1
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popd
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```
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pushd u-boot
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sudo dd if=u-boot.toc1 of=/dev/sdX bs=512 seek=32800
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# Disk partition prepare
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## old fedora image fdisk partition
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```
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Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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Disklabel type: dos
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Disk identifier: 0xda568ce2
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Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
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fedora-riscv64-d1-developer-xfce-rawhide-Rawhide-20211124-132603.n.0-sda.raw.img2 69632 319487 249856 122M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
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fedora-riscv64-d1-developer-xfce-rawhide-Rawhide-20211124-132603.n.0-sda.raw.img3 * 319488 1320959 1001472 489M 83 Linux
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fedora-riscv64-d1-developer-xfce-rawhide-Rawhide-20211124-132603.n.0-sda.raw.img4 1320960 25319423 23998464 11.5G 83 Linux
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```
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## create disk image file
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### create image file with dd
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```
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MEGA=16777216
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dd if=/dev/zero bs=$MEGA count=1024 of=disk.img
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echo -e "o\nn\np\n2\n69632\n319487\nn\np\n3\n319488\n1320959\nn\np\n4\n1320960\n\n\nt\n2\nc\na\n3\n\nw" | fdisk disk.img
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fdisk -l disk.img
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```
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sudo losetup --show -f -P disk.img #/dev/loop1
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sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/loop1p2
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sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/loop1p3
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sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/loop1p4
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# Download ubuntu riscv image for rootfs
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https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RISC-V
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https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/21.04/release/
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https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/21.04/release/ubuntu-21.04-preinstalled-server-riscv64+unmatched.img.xz
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## take rootfs of ubuntu out
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```
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sudo losetup --show -f -P ubuntu-21.04-preinstalled-server-riscv64+unmatched.img # eg: /dev/loop1,depends on your linux system
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sudo mount /dev/loop1p1 /mnt/p1
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sudo tar cpjfv ubuntu-21.04-preinstalled-server-riscv64+unmatched_rootfs.tar.bz2 -C /mnt/p1/ .
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sudo umount /mnt/p1
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sudo losetup -D /dev/loop1 #dettach,release /dev/loop1
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```
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download link:
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https://mega.nz/file/IQFlWZKL#_ERlz3GXoUgxsIoaLHK8oQ2A6SNFcHhZpS2tF3N6RaQ
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https://mega.nz/file/IIlAHKST#PP8feOr6tHxdbD-Zoyj64G4TfG7HG_1s3VHasisP6h0
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## prebuilt files
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### boot partition
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#### ubuntu_2104_devterm_d1_boot.tar.bz2
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```
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https://mega.nz/file/NEsV1SRQ#FexV7wJhiUQKLcfBol4bB5m8UsX1O5qWet8geONclY4
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https://mega.nz/file/YJUjiKKb#nrxH6BDvyGjpNSyZEzbRqbHk9ed9RE7jcuOPbTdximM
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```
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*included files*
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```
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├── board.dtb
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├── **boot**
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│ └── uEnv.txt
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├── config-5.4.61
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├── **efi**
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├── **extlinux**
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│ ├── extlinux.conf
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│ └── extlinux.conf.cpi.bak
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├── **grub2**
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│ └── **themes**
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│ └── **system**
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│ └── **background.png**
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├── grub.cfg
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├── System.map-5.4.61
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├── **uEnv.txt** -\> boot/uEnv.txt
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└── vmlinuz-5.4.61
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```
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#### ubuntu_2104_devterm_d1_EFI.tar.bz2
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https://mega.nz/file/kNUBRBIB#NsPzKTDWbfBSTth7-eVz9gPjeaEdYnP7PfuYGz28cOk
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**extlinux.conf is the file actually do the boot configuration**
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# How to compile kernel
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## get kernel source
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https://github.com/cuu/last_linux-5.4.git
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it is a mirror kernel code from tina_d1_h of all winner with all patched for devterm d1
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## get toolchain
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https://github.com/cuu/toolchain-thead-glibc
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download toolchain
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## simple step for compiling kernel
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extract and put toolchain in any folder you like
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then edit **m.sh** in `last_linux-5.4`
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set correct path of toolchain for PATH
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```
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export PATH=/data/tina_d1_h/prebuilt/gcc/linux-x86/riscv/toolchain-thead-glibc/riscv64-glibc-gcc-thead_20200702/bin/:$PATH
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```
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to be
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```
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export PATH=/wherever_you_put_toolchain/riscv64-glibc-gcc-thead_20200702/bin/:$PATH
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```
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then simply run ./m.sh to compile kernel
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we just simple use the prebuit toolchain from all-winner to compile the patched kernel code based on all-winner tina for devterm_d1
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and we have to ,because allwinner prebuilt toolchain has the neccessary custom opcode for the kernel of d1
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kernel patch url: https://github.com/clockworkpi/DevTerm/tree/main/Code/patch/d1
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to get original tina code from allwinner ,visit https://open.allwinnertech.com/
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# Make alpha os image
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required file list:
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* ubuntu_2104_devterm_d1_EFI.tar.bz2
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* ubuntu_2104_devterm_d1_boot.tar.bz2
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* ubuntu-21.04-preinstalled-server-riscv64+unmatched_rootfs.tar.bz2
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* boot0_sdcard_sun20iw1p1.bin
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* u-boot.toc1
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* disk.img with all partitions formatted
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```
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sudo losetup --show -f -P disk.img ## assume we will have /dev/loop1
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sudo dd if=boot0_sdcard_sun20iw1p1.bin of=/dev/loop1 bs=512 seek=16
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sudo dd if=u-boot.toc1 of=/dev/loop1 bs=512 seek=32800
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sudo mount /dev/loop1p2 /mnt/p2
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sudo mount /dev/loop1p3 /mnt/p3
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sudo mount /dev/loop1p4 /mnt/p4
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sudo tar xpjfv ubuntu_2104_devterm_d1_EFI.tar.bz2 -C /mnt/p2
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sudo tar xpjfv ubuntu_2104_devterm_d1_boot.tar.bz2 -C /mnt/p3
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sudo tar xpjfv ubuntu-21.04-preinstalled-server-riscv64+unmatched_rootfs.tar.bz2 -C /mnt/p4
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```
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## chroot part
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sudo mount /dev/loop1p3 /mnt/p4/boot
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cd /mnt/p4
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sudo mount --bind /dev dev/
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sudo mount --bind /sys sys/
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sudo mount --bind /proc proc/
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sudo mount --bind /dev/pts dev/pts
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sudo chroot .
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### upgrade to devel
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now we are in chroot
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```
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touch /etc/cloud/cloud-init.disabled
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apt-get update && apt-get purge needrestart
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```
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then edit `/etc/apt/source.list`, replace all hirsute to devel
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then
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```
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apt update
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apt-get dist-upgrade
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```
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wait a long time until upgrade done(or retry if failed,it is neccessary for having a newer xorg/mesa in riscv to display)
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after upgrade
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```
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apt update
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apt install mesa-utils libgl1-mesa-glx libglx-mesa0 libgles2-mesa libegl-mesa0
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apt install -y xterm cmus alsamixergui qutebrowser elinks vim emacs tilde bc gnuplot dosbox chocolate-doom gimp xfig xpdf xaos x11-apps gkrellm imagemagick inkscape
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apt remove multipath-tools
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```
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### add cpi user
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```
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useradd -m cpi
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#add into groups
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usermod -a -G adm,dialout,cdrom,floppy,sudo,audio,dip,video,plugdev,netdev,lxd,pulse,pulse-access cpi
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```
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### twm stuff
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d1 use twm as default window manager for low resource usage
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```
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wget https://github.com/clockworkpi/DevTerm/blob/main/Code/R01/d1_twm.tar.bz2?raw=true
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tar xpjfv d1_twm.tar.bz2 -C /home/cpi
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chown -R cpi:cpi /home/cpi
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```
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### xorg fbdev fix
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rotate Xorg
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```
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ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ cat /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-d1.conf
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Section "Device"
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Identifier "FBDEV"
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Driver "fbdev"
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Option "fbdev" "/dev/fb0"
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Option "Rotate" "cw"
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Option "SwapbuffersWait" "true"
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EndSection
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Section "Screen"
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Identifier "Screen0"
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Device "FBDEV"
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DefaultDepth 24
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Subsection "Display"
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Depth 16
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Modes "1280x480" "480x1280"
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EndSubsection
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Subsection "Display"
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Depth 24
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Modes "1280x480" "480x1280"
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EndSubsection
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EndSection
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```
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### reduce time of boot
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```
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sudo systemctl mask apt-daily.service apt-daily-upgrade.service
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sudo systemctl disable apt-daily.service apt-daily-upgrade.service
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sudo systemctl disable apt-daily.timer apt-daily-upgrade.timer
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sudo systemctl disable NetworkManager-wait-online.service
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sudo systemctl disable systemd-random-seed.service
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sudo systemctl disable e2scrub_reap.service
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sudo systemctl disable systemd-networkd-wait-online.service
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sudo systemctl disable lvm2-monitor.service
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sudo systemctl disable snapd.seeded.service
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sudo systemctl disable pppd-dns.service
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sudo systemctl disable avahi-daemon.service
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sudo systemctl disable ModemManager.service
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sudo systemctl disable apport.service
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sudo systemctl mask apport.service
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sudo systemctl disable accounts-daemon.service
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sudo systemctl mask accounts-daemon.service
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sudo systemctl disable udisks2.service
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```
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### faster login
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```
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All scripts in /etc/update-motd.d/ transferred to other place or just deleted them all
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```
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### Install devterm related package
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```
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wget -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/clockworkpi/apt/main/debian/KEY.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
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echo "deb https://raw.githubusercontent.com/clockworkpi/apt/main/debian/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/clockworkpi.list
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apt update
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apt install devterm-audio-patch devterm-backlight-cpi devterm-fan-temp-daemon-rpi devterm-keyboard-firmware devterm-thermal-printer devterm-thermal-printer-cups devterm-wiringpi-cpi
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```
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## get out chroot
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```
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exit
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cd
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sudo umount /mnt/p4/dev/pts
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sudo umount /mnt/p4/dev/
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sudo umount /mnt/p4/proc
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sudo umount /mnt/p4/sys
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sudo umount /mnt/p4/boot
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sudo umount /mnt/p3
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sudo umount /mnt/p2
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sudo umount /mnt/p4
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sudo losetup -D /dev/loop1
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```
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# Final part
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now we have a chroot edited os image file disk.img in 16GB with ubuntu devel branch root fs
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you can still use
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```
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sudo losetup --show -f -P disk.img
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sudo gparted /dev/loop1
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```
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to shrink the disk size to be like 8G or less to fit your sd card
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then dd it into sd card
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