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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=description content="FunKey S - the world's smallest foldable handheld console Ultra-compact, foldable, powerful and comfortable, the FunKey S is the perfect handheld for playing retrogames anywhere, anytime."><meta name=author content="Michel Stempin"><link href=https://doc.funkey-project.com/developer_guide/hardware_reference/architecture/ rel=canonical><link href=../ rel=prev><link href=../cpu/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.0, mkdocs-material-9.5.21"><title>Architecture - FunKey Project Documentation</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.66ac8b77.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.06af60db.min.css><link rel=preconnect href=https://fonts.gstatic.com crossorigin><link rel=stylesheet 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</label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> User's Manual </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_2_1> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_2_1 id=__nav_2_1_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Tutorials </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_1_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2_1> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Tutorials </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_2_1_1> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_2_1_1 id=__nav_2_1_1_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Software </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_1_1_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2_1_1> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Software </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../user_manual/tutorials/software/add_roms/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Add New ROMs </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../user_manual/tutorials/software/add_opk/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Add OPK Files </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../user_manual/tutorials/software/gba_bios/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Install the GBA/PS1 BIOS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../user_manual/tutorials/software/aspect_ratio/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Change Aspect Ratio </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../user_manual/tutorials/software/snapshot/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Take a Snapshot </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../user_manual/tutorials/software/firmware_update/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Firmware Upgrade </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../user_manual/tutorials/software/gb_palette/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Change Game Boy Palette </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../user_manual/tutorials/software/gmenu2x_wallpaper/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Change GMenu2X Wallpaper </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_2_1_2> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_2_1_2 id=__nav_2_1_2_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Hardware </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_1_2_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2_1_2> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Hardware </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../user_manual/tutorials/hardware/teardown/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Teardown </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../user_manual/tutorials/hardware/flash_change_sd_card/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Flash & Change micro-SD Card </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../user_manual/tutorials/hardware/change_buttons/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Change the Buttons </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../user_manual/tutorials/hardware/fix_unstuck_screen/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_3 checked> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_3 id=__nav_3_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Developer's Guide </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_3_label aria-expanded=true> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Developer's Guide </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_3_1 checked> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Hardware Reference </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_3_1 id=__nav_3_1_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_3_1_label aria-expanded=true> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_3_1> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Hardware Reference </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type=checkbox id=__toc> <label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for=__toc> <span class=md-ellipsis> Architecture </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <a href=./ class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active"> <span class=md-ellipsis> Architecture </span> </a> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Table of contents </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#block-diagram class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Block Diagram </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#3d-view class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> 3D View </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#bom class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> BOM </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#schematics-and-layout class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Schematics and Layout </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=https://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://github.com/FunKey-Project/FunKey-S-Hardware/blob/master/BOM/ibom.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> BOM </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../cpu/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> CPU </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_3_1_4> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_3_1_4 id=__nav_3_1_4_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Power </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_3_1_4_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_3_1_4> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Power </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../power/power_supplies_topologies/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Regulated DC Power Supply Topologies </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../power/multiple_voltages/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Multiple Power Supply Voltages </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../power/pmic/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> PMIC </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../power/dram_power/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> DRAM Power </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../power/decoupling/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Decoupling </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../screen/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Screen </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../audio/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Audio </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../buttons/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Buttons </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../sd-card/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> SD Card </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../usb/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> USB </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../uart/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> UART </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../magnetic_switch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Magnetic Switch </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_3_2> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../software_reference/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Software Reference </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_3_2 id=__nav_3_2_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_3_2_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_3_2> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Software Reference </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_3_2_1> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../software_reference/boot_process/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Boot Process </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_3_2_1 id=__nav_3_2_1_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_3_2_1_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_3_2_1> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Boot Process </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../software_reference/boot_process/boot_rom/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Boot ROM </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../software_reference/boot_process/spl/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> SPL </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_3_2_2> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../software_reference/sd_card_layout/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> SD-Card Layout </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_3_2_2 id=__nav_3_2_2_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_3_2_2_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_3_2_2> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> SD-Card Layout </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../software_reference/sd_card_layout/directory_structure/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Directory Structure </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_3_3> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_3_3 id=__nav_3_3_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Tutorials </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_3_3_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_3_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Tutorials </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../tutorials/access_recovery/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Access the Recovery Boot Mode </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_3_3_2> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../tutorials/build_system/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Build System </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_3_3_2 id=__nav_3_3_2_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_3_3_2_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_3_3_2> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Build System </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../tutorials/build_system/compilation_environments/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Compilation Environments </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../tutorials/build_system/get_sources/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Get the Sources </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../tutorials/build_system/compile_sdk/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Compile SDK </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../tutorials/build_system/compile_distribution/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Compile Distribution </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../tutorials/build_system/write_image/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Write firmware to SD Card </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../tutorials/build_system/build_program_using_sdk/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Build Programs using SDK </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=https://grabcad.com/library/funkey-s-1 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> 3D files </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_5 id=__nav_5_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Miscellaneous </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_5_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_5> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Miscellaneous </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../miscellaneous/glossary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Glossary </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component=sidebar data-md-type=toc> <div class=md-sidebar__scrollwrap> <div class=md-sidebar__inner> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Table of contents </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#block-diagram class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Block Diagram </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#3d-view class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> 3D View </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#bom class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> BOM </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#schematics-and-layout class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Schematics and Layout </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class=md-content data-md-component=content> <article class="md-content__inner md-typeset"> <h1>Architecture</h1> <h2 id=block-diagram>Block Diagram<a class=headerlink href=#block-diagram title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>Eventually, the design constraints listed in the previous section led to the following electronic diagram, featuring 3 main blocks:</p> <ul> <li> <p>1x main <abbr title="Printed Circuit Board">PCB</abbr> (0.8 mm thickness) with components on both sides, the maximum component height above <abbr title="Printed Circuit Board">PCB</abbr> on both sides is 1.5 mm. Current revision for this board is Revision E</p> </li> <li> <p>1x 1.54” <abbr title="In-Plane Switching or Intelligent Power Select">IPS</abbr> TFT <abbr title="Liquid-Crystal Display">LCD</abbr> screen with <abbr title="Serial Peripheral Interface">SPI</abbr> interface and using a custom flex cable, containing a built-in screen controller chip</p> </li> <li> <p>1x 420 mAh 402540 <abbr title="Lithium Polymer">LiPo</abbr> battery, containing an active protection circuitry</p> </li> </ul> <p><img alt="FunKey S Block Diagram" class=lightbox src=/assets/images/FunKey_S_Block_Diagram.png></p> <h2 id=3d-view>3D View<a class=headerlink href=#3d-view title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>A 3D rendering of the <abbr title="Printed Circuit Board Assembly">PCBA</abbr> done in KiCAD produces the images below:</p> <p><img alt="FunKey Top" class=lightbox src=/assets/images/FunKey_S_Top.png></p> <p><img alt="FunKey Bottom" class=lightbox src=/assets/images/FunKey_S_Bottom.png></p> <h2 id=bom>BOM<a class=headerlink href=#bom title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>An interactive BOM is available in the <a href=https://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://github.com/FunKey-Project/FunKey-S-Hardware/blob/master/BOM/ibom.html>next section</a>.</p> <h2 id=schematics-and-layout>Schematics and Layout<a class=headerlink href=#schematics-and-layout title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>All the hardware design and production files required to build the <a href=https://www.funkey-project.com/ ><strong>FunKey S</strong> retro-gaming console</a> electronic <abbr title="Printed Circuit Board Assembly">PCBA</abbr> using the <a href=https://kicad.org/ >KiCAD ECAD tools</a> are available as Open Hardware in the <a href=https://github.com/FunKey-Project/FunKey-S-Hardware>FunKey S Hardware repository</a>.</p> <details class=note open=open> <summary>Topological vs. logical schematic symbols</summary> <p>The <strong>FunKey S</strong> schematics use symbols and placement that are as close as possible to their corresponding physical package and layout, instead of defining symbols that are conveniently arranged by logical properties. Even if this makes schematics more complex at first sight, the benefit of this approach is that the step to go from the schematics to the physical layout becomes much easier, and so is the debugging of the physical board, which is then very close to the schematics too.</p> </details> <details class=note open=open> <summary>Explicit schematic wires</summary> <p>Another habit that is used everywhere in the <strong>FunKey S</strong> schematics is that all signals (except power supplies and GND) are routed using explicit wires, rather than counting on invisible connection by net names and relying of the reader to search these names all over the place. This forces related components to be clustered in compact groups to shorten the wires, and put more focus on inter-cluster signals, with a natural inclination to unravel wire nests in the schematics before laying out the actual board.</p> </details> <details class=note open=open> <summary>Power supply nets</summary> <p>There are some "PWR_FLAG" symbols added here and there, which is the proper way in KiCAD to declare that a given net has a known supply and thus prevent the <abbr title="Electrical Rule Check">ERC</abbr> (Electrical Rule Check) to throw an error.</p> </details> <p>The schematics will be discussed function by function in the following sections.</p> </article> </div> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> © 2020-2024 FunKey Project<br> Last updated on 2024-05-04 by DrUm78<br> <a href=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ rel=license> <img alt="Creative Commons License" style=border-width:0 src=https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/80x15.png> </a><br>This work is licensed under a <a href=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ rel=license>Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>. </div> Made with <a href=https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/ target=_blank rel=noopener> Material for MkDocs </a> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href=https://www.facebook.com/FunKeyProjectOfficial target=_blank rel=noopener title=www.facebook.com class=md-social__link> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 6.5.2 by @fontawesome - 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