Delete 689 undead files.
These files "magically reappeared" after the conversion from CVS to Mercurial. The old CVS repository deleted these files but did not record *when* it deleted these files. The conversion resurrected these files because they have no history of deletion. These files were probably deleted before year 1995. The CVS repository begins to record deletions around 1995. These files may still appear in older revisions of this Mercurial repository, when they should already be deleted. There is no way to fix this, because the CVS repository provides no dates of deletion. See http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=29823032
This commit is contained in:
George Koehler
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
|
||||
HOME=../..
|
||||
|
||||
TBL=tbl
|
||||
NROFF=nroff
|
||||
SUF=pr
|
||||
TARGET=-Tlp
|
||||
|
||||
head: ../em.$(SUF)
|
||||
|
||||
FILES = macr.nr title.nr intro.nr mem.nr ispace.nr dspace.nr mapping.nr \
|
||||
types.nr descr.nr env.nr traps.nr mach.nr assem.nr \
|
||||
app.int.nr app.codes.nr app.exam.nr cont.nr
|
||||
|
||||
IOP=$(HOME)/etc/ip_spec.t# # to construct itables from
|
||||
|
||||
../em.$(SUF): $(FILES) itables dispatdummy em.i Makefile
|
||||
$(TBL) $(FILES) | $(NROFF) -mkun $(TARGET) > ../em.$(SUF)
|
||||
|
||||
app.codes.pr: app.codes.nr itables dispatdummy
|
||||
|
||||
itables: $(IOP) ip.awk
|
||||
awk -f ip.awk $(IOP) | sed 's/-/\\-/g' | $(TBL) >itables
|
||||
|
||||
dispatdummy: $(IOP) mkdispatch
|
||||
mkdispatch < $(IOP) > dispatdummy
|
||||
sed -f dispat1.sed < dispatdummy | $(TBL) > dispat1
|
||||
sed -f dispat2.sed < dispatdummy | $(TBL) > dispat2
|
||||
sed -f dispat3.sed < dispatdummy | $(TBL) > dispat3
|
||||
|
||||
mkdispatch: mkdispatch.c
|
||||
$(CC) -I$(HOME)/h -o mkdispatch mkdispatch.c $(HOME)/lib.bin/em_data.a
|
||||
|
||||
.SUFFIXES : .pr .nr
|
||||
.nr.pr: ; $(TBL) macr.nr $*.nr | $(NROFF) -mkun >$@
|
||||
|
||||
clean:
|
||||
rm -f *.pr itables *.out dispatdummy dispat? *.o mkdispatch
|
||||
1122
doc/em/addend.n
1122
doc/em/addend.n
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
|
||||
.BP
|
||||
.AP "EM INTERPRETER"
|
||||
.nf
|
||||
.ft CW
|
||||
.lg 0
|
||||
.nr x \w' '
|
||||
.ta \nxu +\nxu +\nxu +\nxu +\nxu +\nxu +\nxu +\nxu +\nxu +\nxu
|
||||
.so em.i
|
||||
.ft P
|
||||
.lg 1
|
||||
.fi
|
||||
488
doc/em/app.nr
488
doc/em/app.nr
@@ -1,488 +0,0 @@
|
||||
.BP
|
||||
.AP "EM INTERPRETER"
|
||||
.nf
|
||||
.ta 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80
|
||||
.so em.i
|
||||
.fi
|
||||
.BP
|
||||
.AP "EM CODE TABLES"
|
||||
The following table is used by the assembler for EM machine
|
||||
language.
|
||||
It specifies the opcodes used for each instruction and
|
||||
how arguments are mapped to machine language arguments.
|
||||
The table is presented in three columns,
|
||||
each line in each column contains three or four fields.
|
||||
Each line describes a range of interpreter opcodes by
|
||||
specifying for which instruction the range is used, the type of the
|
||||
opcodes (mini, shortie, etc..) and range for the instruction
|
||||
argument.
|
||||
.A
|
||||
The first field on each line gives the EM instruction mnemonic,
|
||||
the second field gives some flags.
|
||||
If the opcodes are minis or shorties the third field specifies
|
||||
how many minis/shorties are used.
|
||||
The last field gives the number of the (first) interpreter
|
||||
opcode.
|
||||
.N 1
|
||||
Flags :
|
||||
.IS 3
|
||||
.N 1
|
||||
Opcode type, only one of the following may be specified.
|
||||
.PS - 5 " "
|
||||
.PT -
|
||||
opcode without argument
|
||||
.PT m
|
||||
mini
|
||||
.PT s
|
||||
shortie
|
||||
.PT 2
|
||||
opcode with 2-byte signed argument
|
||||
.PT 4
|
||||
opcode with 4-byte signed argument
|
||||
.PT 8
|
||||
opcode with 8-byte signed argument
|
||||
.PE
|
||||
Secondary (escaped) opcodes.
|
||||
.PS - 5 " "
|
||||
.PT e
|
||||
The opcode thus marked is in the secondary opcode group instead
|
||||
of the primary
|
||||
.PE
|
||||
restrictions on arguments
|
||||
.PS - 5 " "
|
||||
.PT N
|
||||
Negative arguments only
|
||||
.PT P
|
||||
Positive and zero arguments only
|
||||
.PE
|
||||
mapping of arguments
|
||||
.PS - 5 " "
|
||||
.PT w
|
||||
argument must be divisible by the wordsize and is divided by the
|
||||
wordsize before use as opcode argument.
|
||||
.PT o
|
||||
argument ( possibly after division ) must be >= 1 and is
|
||||
decremented before use as opcode argument
|
||||
.PE
|
||||
.IE
|
||||
If the opcode type is 2,4 or 8 the resulting argument is used as
|
||||
opcode argument (least significant byte first).
|
||||
.N
|
||||
If the opcode type is mini, the argument is added
|
||||
to the first opcode - if in range - .
|
||||
If the argument is negative, the absolute value minus one is
|
||||
used in the algorithm above.
|
||||
.N
|
||||
For shorties with positive arguments the first opcode is used
|
||||
for arguments in the range 0..255, the second for the range
|
||||
256..511, etc..
|
||||
For shorties with negative arguments the first opcode is used
|
||||
for arguments in the range -1..-256, the second for the range
|
||||
-257..-512, etc..
|
||||
The byte following the opcode contains the least significant
|
||||
byte of the argument.
|
||||
First some examples of these specifications.
|
||||
.PS - 5
|
||||
.PT "aar mwPo 1 34"
|
||||
Indicates that opcode 34 is used as a mini for Positive
|
||||
instruction arguments only.
|
||||
The w and o indicate division and decrementing of the
|
||||
instruction argument.
|
||||
Because the resulting argument must be zero ( only opcode 34 may be used
|
||||
), this mini can only be used for instruction argument 2.
|
||||
Conclusion: opcode 34 is for "AAR 2".
|
||||
.PT "adp sP 1 41"
|
||||
Opcode 41 is used as shortie for ADP with arguments in the range
|
||||
0..255.
|
||||
.PT "bra sN 2 60"
|
||||
Opcode 60 is used as shortie for BRA with arguments -1..-256,
|
||||
61 is used for arguments -257..-512.
|
||||
.PT "zer e- 145"
|
||||
Escaped opcode 145 is used for ZER.
|
||||
.PE
|
||||
The interpreter opcode table:
|
||||
.N 1
|
||||
.IS 3
|
||||
.DS B
|
||||
.so itables
|
||||
.DE 0
|
||||
.IE
|
||||
.P
|
||||
The table above results in the following dispatch tables.
|
||||
Dispatch tables are used by interpreters to jump to the
|
||||
routines implementing the EM instructions, indexed by the next opcode.
|
||||
Each line of the dispatch tables gives the routine names
|
||||
of eight consecutive opcodes, preceded by the first opcode number
|
||||
on that line.
|
||||
Routine names consist of an EM mnemonic followed by a suffix.
|
||||
The suffices show the encoding used for each opcode.
|
||||
.N
|
||||
The following suffices exist:
|
||||
.N 1
|
||||
.VS 1 0
|
||||
.IS 4
|
||||
.PS - 11
|
||||
.PT .z
|
||||
no arguments
|
||||
.PT .l
|
||||
16-bit argument
|
||||
.PT .lw
|
||||
16-bit argument divided by the wordsize
|
||||
.PT .p
|
||||
positive 16-bit argument
|
||||
.PT .pw
|
||||
positive 16-bit argument divided by the wordsize
|
||||
.PT .n
|
||||
negative 16-bit argument
|
||||
.PT .nw
|
||||
negative 16-bit argument divided by the wordsize
|
||||
.PT .s<num>
|
||||
shortie with <num> as high order argument byte
|
||||
.PT .sw<num>
|
||||
shortie with argument divided by the wordsize
|
||||
.PT .<num>
|
||||
mini with <num> as argument
|
||||
.PT .<num>W
|
||||
mini with <num>*wordsize as argument
|
||||
.PE 3
|
||||
<num> is a possibly negative integer.
|
||||
.VS 1 1
|
||||
.IE
|
||||
The dispatch table for the 256 primary opcodes:
|
||||
.DS B
|
||||
0 loc.0 loc.1 loc.2 loc.3 loc.4 loc.5 loc.6 loc.7
|
||||
8 loc.8 loc.9 loc.10 loc.11 loc.12 loc.13 loc.14 loc.15
|
||||
16 loc.16 loc.17 loc.18 loc.19 loc.20 loc.21 loc.22 loc.23
|
||||
24 loc.24 loc.25 loc.26 loc.27 loc.28 loc.29 loc.30 loc.31
|
||||
32 loc.32 loc.33 aar.1W adf.s0 adi.1W adi.2W adp.l adp.1
|
||||
40 adp.2 adp.s0 adp.s-1 ads.1W and.1W asp.1W asp.2W asp.3W
|
||||
48 asp.4W asp.5W asp.w0 beq.l beq.s0 bge.s0 bgt.s0 ble.s0
|
||||
56 blm.s0 blt.s0 bne.s0 bra.l bra.s-1 bra.s-2 bra.s0 bra.s1
|
||||
64 cal.1 cal.2 cal.3 cal.4 cal.5 cal.6 cal.7 cal.8
|
||||
72 cal.9 cal.10 cal.11 cal.12 cal.13 cal.14 cal.15 cal.16
|
||||
80 cal.17 cal.18 cal.19 cal.20 cal.21 cal.22 cal.23 cal.24
|
||||
88 cal.25 cal.26 cal.27 cal.28 cal.s0 cff.z cif.z cii.z
|
||||
96 cmf.s0 cmi.1W cmi.2W cmp.z cms.s0 csa.1W csb.1W dec.z
|
||||
104 dee.w0 del.w-1 dup.1W dvf.s0 dvi.1W fil.l inc.z ine.lw
|
||||
112 ine.w0 inl.-1W inl.-2W inl.-3W inl.w-1 inn.s0 ior.1W ior.s0
|
||||
120 lae.l lae.w0 lae.w1 lae.w2 lae.w3 lae.w4 lae.w5 lae.w6
|
||||
128 lal.p lal.n lal.0 lal.-1 lal.w0 lal.w-1 lal.w-2 lar.W
|
||||
136 ldc.0 lde.lw lde.w0 ldl.0 ldl.w-1 lfr.1W lfr.2W lfr.s0
|
||||
144 lil.w-1 lil.w0 lil.0 lil.1W lin.l lin.s0 lni.z loc.l
|
||||
152 loc.-1 loc.s0 loc.s-1 loe.lw loe.w0 loe.w1 loe.w2 loe.w3
|
||||
160 loe.w4 lof.l lof.1W lof.2W lof.3W lof.4W lof.s0 loi.l
|
||||
168 loi.1 loi.1W loi.2W loi.3W loi.4W loi.s0 lol.pw lol.nw
|
||||
176 lol.0 lol.1W lol.2W lol.3W lol.-1W lol.-2W lol.-3W lol.-4W
|
||||
184 lol.-5W lol.-6W lol.-7W lol.-8W lol.w0 lol.w-1 lxa.1 lxl.1
|
||||
192 lxl.2 mlf.s0 mli.1W mli.2W rck.1W ret.0 ret.1W ret.s0
|
||||
200 rmi.1W sar.1W sbf.s0 sbi.1W sbi.2W sdl.w-1 set.s0 sil.w-1
|
||||
208 sil.w0 sli.1W ste.lw ste.w0 ste.w1 ste.w2 stf.l stf.W
|
||||
216 stf.2W stf.s0 sti.1 sti.1W sti.2W sti.3W sti.4W sti.s0
|
||||
224 stl.pw stl.nw stl.0 stl.1W stl.-1W stl.-2W stl.-3W stl.-4W
|
||||
232 stl.-5W stl.w-1 teq.z tgt.z tlt.z tne.z zeq.l zeq.s0
|
||||
240 zeq.s1 zer.s0 zge.s0 zgt.s0 zle.s0 zlt.s0 zne.s0 zne.s-1
|
||||
248 zre.lw zre.w0 zrl.-1W zrl.-2W zrl.w-1 zrl.nw escape1 escape2
|
||||
.DE 2
|
||||
The list of secondary opcodes (escape1):
|
||||
.N 1
|
||||
.DS B
|
||||
0 aar.l aar.z adf.l adf.z adi.l adi.z ads.l ads.z
|
||||
8 adu.l adu.z and.l and.z asp.lw ass.l ass.z bge.l
|
||||
16 bgt.l ble.l blm.l bls.l bls.z blt.l bne.l cai.z
|
||||
24 cal.l cfi.z cfu.z ciu.z cmf.l cmf.z cmi.l cmi.z
|
||||
32 cms.l cms.z cmu.l cmu.z com.l com.z csa.l csa.z
|
||||
40 csb.l csb.z cuf.z cui.z cuu.z dee.lw del.pw del.nw
|
||||
48 dup.l dus.l dus.z dvf.l dvf.z dvi.l dvi.z dvu.l
|
||||
56 dvu.z fef.l fef.z fif.l fif.z inl.pw inl.nw inn.l
|
||||
64 inn.z ior.l ior.z lar.l lar.z ldc.l ldf.l ldl.pw
|
||||
72 ldl.nw lfr.l lil.pw lil.nw lim.z los.l los.z lor.s0
|
||||
80 lpi.l lxa.l lxl.l mlf.l mlf.z mli.l mli.z mlu.l
|
||||
88 mlu.z mon.z ngf.l ngf.z ngi.l ngi.z nop.z rck.l
|
||||
96 rck.z ret.l rmi.l rmi.z rmu.l rmu.z rol.l rol.z
|
||||
104 ror.l ror.z rtt.z sar.l sar.z sbf.l sbf.z sbi.l
|
||||
112 sbi.z sbs.l sbs.z sbu.l sbu.z sde.l sdf.l sdl.pw
|
||||
120 sdl.nw set.l set.z sig.z sil.pw sil.nw sim.z sli.l
|
||||
128 sli.z slu.l slu.z sri.l sri.z sru.l sru.z sti.l
|
||||
136 sts.l sts.z str.s0 tge.z tle.z trp.z xor.l xor.z
|
||||
144 zer.l zer.z zge.l zgt.l zle.l zlt.l zne.l zrf.l
|
||||
152 zrf.z zrl.pw dch.z exg.s0 exg.l exg.z lpb.z gto.l
|
||||
.DE 2
|
||||
Finally, the list of opcodes with four byte arguments (escape2).
|
||||
.DS
|
||||
|
||||
0 loc
|
||||
.DE 0
|
||||
.BP
|
||||
.AP "AN EXAMPLE PROGRAM"
|
||||
.DS B
|
||||
1 program example(output);
|
||||
2 {This program just demonstrates typical EM code.}
|
||||
3 type rec = record r1: integer; r2:real; r3: boolean end;
|
||||
4 var mi: integer; mx:real; r:rec;
|
||||
5
|
||||
6 function sum(a,b:integer):integer;
|
||||
7 begin
|
||||
8 sum := a + b
|
||||
9 end;
|
||||
10
|
||||
11 procedure test(var r: rec);
|
||||
12 label 1;
|
||||
13 var i,j: integer;
|
||||
14 x,y: real;
|
||||
15 b: boolean;
|
||||
16 c: char;
|
||||
17 a: array[1..100] of integer;
|
||||
18
|
||||
19 begin
|
||||
20 j := 1;
|
||||
21 i := 3 * j + 6;
|
||||
22 x := 4.8;
|
||||
23 y := x/0.5;
|
||||
24 b := true;
|
||||
25 c := 'z';
|
||||
26 for i:= 1 to 100 do a[i] := i * i;
|
||||
27 r.r1 := j+27;
|
||||
28 r.r3 := b;
|
||||
29 r.r2 := x+y;
|
||||
30 i := sum(r.r1, a[j]);
|
||||
31 while i > 0 do begin j := j + r.r1; i := i - 1 end;
|
||||
32 with r do begin r3 := b; r2 := x+y; r1 := 0 end;
|
||||
33 goto 1;
|
||||
34 1: writeln(j, i:6, x:9:3, b)
|
||||
35 end; {test}
|
||||
36 begin {main program}
|
||||
37 mx := 15.96;
|
||||
38 mi := 99;
|
||||
39 test(r)
|
||||
40 end.
|
||||
.DE 0
|
||||
.BP
|
||||
The EM code as produced by the Pascal-VU compiler is given below. Comments
|
||||
have been added manually. Note that this code has already been optimized.
|
||||
.DS B
|
||||
mes 2,2,2 ; wordsize 2, pointersize 2
|
||||
.1
|
||||
rom 't.p\e000' ; the name of the source file
|
||||
hol 552,-32768,0 ; externals and buf occupy 552 bytes
|
||||
exp $sum ; sum can be called from other modules
|
||||
pro $sum,2 ; procedure sum; 2 bytes local storage
|
||||
lin 8 ; code from source line 8
|
||||
ldl 0 ; load two locals ( a and b )
|
||||
adi 2 ; add them
|
||||
ret 2 ; return the result
|
||||
end 2 ; end of procedure ( still two bytes local storage )
|
||||
.2
|
||||
rom 1,99,2 ; descriptor of array a[]
|
||||
exp $test ; the compiler exports all level 0 procedures
|
||||
pro $test,226 ; procedure test, 226 bytes local storage
|
||||
.3
|
||||
rom 4.8F8 ; assemble Floating point 4.8 (8 bytes) in
|
||||
.4 ; global storage
|
||||
rom 0.5F8 ; same for 0.5
|
||||
mes 3,-226,2,2 ; compiler temporary not referenced by address
|
||||
mes 3,-24,2,0 ; the same is true for i, j, b and c in test
|
||||
mes 3,-22,2,0
|
||||
mes 3,-4,2,0
|
||||
mes 3,-2,2,0
|
||||
mes 3,-20,8,0 ; and for x and y
|
||||
mes 3,-12,8,0
|
||||
lin 20 ; maintain source line number
|
||||
loc 1
|
||||
stl -4 ; j := 1
|
||||
lni ; lin 21 prior to optimization
|
||||
lol -4
|
||||
loc 3
|
||||
mli 2
|
||||
loc 6
|
||||
adi 2
|
||||
stl -2 ; i := 3 * j + 6
|
||||
lni ; lin 22 prior to optimization
|
||||
lae .3
|
||||
loi 8
|
||||
lal -12
|
||||
sti 8 ; x := 4.8
|
||||
lni ; lin 23 prior to optimization
|
||||
lal -12
|
||||
loi 8
|
||||
lae .4
|
||||
loi 8
|
||||
dvf 8
|
||||
lal -20
|
||||
sti 8 ; y := x / 0.5
|
||||
lni ; lin 24 prior to optimization
|
||||
loc 1
|
||||
stl -22 ; b := true
|
||||
lni ; lin 25 prior to optimization
|
||||
loc 122
|
||||
stl -24 ; c := 'z'
|
||||
lni ; lin 26 prior to optimization
|
||||
loc 1
|
||||
stl -2 ; for i:= 1
|
||||
2
|
||||
lol -2
|
||||
dup 2
|
||||
mli 2 ; i*i
|
||||
lal -224
|
||||
lol -2
|
||||
lae .2
|
||||
sar 2 ; a[i] :=
|
||||
lol -2
|
||||
loc 100
|
||||
beq *3 ; to 100 do
|
||||
inl -2 ; increment i and loop
|
||||
bra *2
|
||||
3
|
||||
lin 27
|
||||
lol -4
|
||||
loc 27
|
||||
adi 2 ; j + 27
|
||||
sil 0 ; r.r1 :=
|
||||
lni ; lin 28 prior to optimization
|
||||
lol -22 ; b
|
||||
lol 0
|
||||
stf 10 ; r.r3 :=
|
||||
lni ; lin 29 prior to optimization
|
||||
lal -20
|
||||
loi 16
|
||||
adf 8 ; x + y
|
||||
lol 0
|
||||
adp 2
|
||||
sti 8 ; r.r2 :=
|
||||
lni ; lin 23 prior to optimization
|
||||
lal -224
|
||||
lol -4
|
||||
lae .2
|
||||
lar 2 ; a[j]
|
||||
lil 0 ; r.r1
|
||||
cal $sum ; call now
|
||||
asp 4 ; remove parameters from stack
|
||||
lfr 2 ; get function result
|
||||
stl -2 ; i :=
|
||||
4
|
||||
lin 31
|
||||
lol -2
|
||||
zle *5 ; while i > 0 do
|
||||
lol -4
|
||||
lil 0
|
||||
adi 2
|
||||
stl -4 ; j := j + r.r1
|
||||
del -2 ; i := i - 1
|
||||
bra *4 ; loop
|
||||
5
|
||||
lin 32
|
||||
lol 0
|
||||
stl -226 ; make copy of address of r
|
||||
lol -22
|
||||
lol -226
|
||||
stf 10 ; r3 := b
|
||||
lal -20
|
||||
loi 16
|
||||
adf 8
|
||||
lol -226
|
||||
adp 2
|
||||
sti 8 ; r2 := x + y
|
||||
loc 0
|
||||
sil -226 ; r1 := 0
|
||||
lin 34 ; note the abscence of the unnecesary jump
|
||||
lae 22 ; address of output structure
|
||||
lol -4
|
||||
cal $_wri ; write integer with default width
|
||||
asp 4 ; pop parameters
|
||||
lae 22
|
||||
lol -2
|
||||
loc 6
|
||||
cal $_wsi ; write integer width 6
|
||||
asp 6
|
||||
lae 22
|
||||
lal -12
|
||||
loi 8
|
||||
loc 9
|
||||
loc 3
|
||||
cal $_wrf ; write fixed format real, width 9, precision 3
|
||||
asp 14
|
||||
lae 22
|
||||
lol -22
|
||||
cal $_wrb ; write boolean, default width
|
||||
asp 4
|
||||
lae 22
|
||||
cal $_wln ; writeln
|
||||
asp 2
|
||||
ret 0 ; return, no result
|
||||
end 226
|
||||
exp $_main
|
||||
pro $_main,0 ; main program
|
||||
.6
|
||||
con 2,-1,22 ; description of external files
|
||||
.5
|
||||
rom 15.96F8
|
||||
fil .1 ; maintain source file name
|
||||
lae .6 ; description of external files
|
||||
lae 0 ; base of hol area to relocate buffer addresses
|
||||
cal $_ini ; initialize files, etc...
|
||||
asp 4
|
||||
lin 37
|
||||
lae .5
|
||||
loi 8
|
||||
lae 2
|
||||
sti 8 ; mx := 15.96
|
||||
lni ; lin 38 prior to optimization
|
||||
loc 99
|
||||
ste 0 ; mi := 99
|
||||
lni ; lin 39 prior to optimization
|
||||
lae 10 ; address of r
|
||||
cal $test
|
||||
asp 2
|
||||
loc 0 ; normal exit
|
||||
cal $_hlt ; cleanup and finish
|
||||
asp 2
|
||||
end 0
|
||||
mes 5 ; reals were used
|
||||
.DE 0
|
||||
The compact code corresponding to the above program is listed below.
|
||||
Read it horizontally, line by line, not column by column.
|
||||
Each number represents a byte of compact code, printed in decimal.
|
||||
The first two bytes form the magic word.
|
||||
.N 1
|
||||
.IS 3
|
||||
.DS B
|
||||
173 0 159 122 122 122 255 242 1 161 250 124 116 46 112 0
|
||||
255 156 245 40 2 245 0 128 120 155 249 123 115 117 109 160
|
||||
249 123 115 117 109 122 67 128 63 120 3 122 88 122 152 122
|
||||
242 2 161 121 219 122 255 155 249 124 116 101 115 116 160 249
|
||||
124 116 101 115 116 245 226 0 242 3 161 253 128 123 52 46
|
||||
56 255 242 4 161 253 128 123 48 46 53 255 159 123 245 30
|
||||
255 122 122 255 159 123 96 122 120 255 159 123 98 122 120 255
|
||||
159 123 116 122 120 255 159 123 118 122 120 255 159 123 100 128
|
||||
120 255 159 123 108 128 120 255 67 140 69 121 113 116 68 73
|
||||
116 69 123 81 122 69 126 3 122 113 118 68 57 242 3 72
|
||||
128 58 108 112 128 68 58 108 72 128 57 242 4 72 128 44
|
||||
128 58 100 112 128 68 69 121 113 98 68 69 245 122 0 113
|
||||
96 68 69 121 113 118 182 73 118 42 122 81 122 58 245 32
|
||||
255 73 118 57 242 2 94 122 73 118 69 220 10 123 54 118
|
||||
18 122 183 67 147 73 116 69 147 3 122 104 120 68 73 98
|
||||
73 120 111 130 68 58 100 72 136 2 128 73 120 4 122 112
|
||||
128 68 58 245 32 255 73 116 57 242 2 59 122 65 120 20
|
||||
249 123 115 117 109 8 124 64 122 113 118 184 67 151 73 118
|
||||
128 125 73 116 65 120 3 122 113 116 41 118 18 124 185 67
|
||||
152 73 120 113 245 30 255 73 98 73 245 30 255 111 130 58
|
||||
100 72 136 2 128 73 245 30 255 4 122 112 128 69 120 104
|
||||
245 30 255 67 154 57 142 73 116 20 249 124 95 119 114 105
|
||||
8 124 57 142 73 118 69 126 20 249 124 95 119 115 105 8
|
||||
126 57 142 58 108 72 128 69 129 69 123 20 249 124 95 119
|
||||
114 102 8 134 57 142 73 98 20 249 124 95 119 114 98 8
|
||||
124 57 142 20 249 124 95 119 108 110 8 122 88 120 152 245
|
||||
226 0 155 249 125 95 109 97 105 110 160 249 125 95 109 97
|
||||
105 110 120 242 6 151 122 119 142 255 242 5 161 253 128 125
|
||||
49 53 46 57 54 255 50 242 1 57 242 6 57 120 20 249
|
||||
124 95 105 110 105 8 124 67 157 57 242 5 72 128 57 122
|
||||
112 128 68 69 219 110 120 68 57 130 20 249 124 116 101 115
|
||||
116 8 122 69 120 20 249 124 95 104 108 116 8 122 152 120
|
||||
159 124 160 255 159 125 255
|
||||
.DE 0
|
||||
.IE
|
||||
.MS T A 0
|
||||
.ME
|
||||
.BP
|
||||
.MS B A 0
|
||||
.ME
|
||||
.CT
|
||||
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
|
||||
CFLAGS=-O
|
||||
HOME=../../..
|
||||
|
||||
install \
|
||||
all: em emdmp tables
|
||||
|
||||
tables: mktables $(HOME)/etc/ip_spec.t
|
||||
mktables $(HOME)/etc/ip_spec.t tables
|
||||
|
||||
mktables: mktables.c $(HOME)/h/em_spec.h $(HOME)/h/em_flag.h \
|
||||
$(HOME)/lib.bin/em_data.a $(HOME)/h/ip_spec.h
|
||||
$(CC) -I$(HOME)/h -O -o mktables mktables.c $(HOME)/lib.bin/em_data.a
|
||||
|
||||
em.out: em.p
|
||||
apc -mint -O em.p >emerrs ; mv e.out em.out
|
||||
|
||||
em: em.p
|
||||
apc -O -i em.p >emerrs ; mv a.out em
|
||||
|
||||
nem.p: em.p
|
||||
sed -e '/maxadr = t16/s//maxadr =t15/' -e '/maxdata = 8191; /s//maxdata = 14335;/' -e '/ adr=.*long/s// adr= 0..maxadr/' <em.p >nem.p
|
||||
|
||||
nem: nem.p
|
||||
apc -O -i nem.p >emerrs ; mv a.out nem
|
||||
|
||||
emdmp: emdmp.c
|
||||
$(CC) -I$(HOME)/h -I$(HOME)/config -o emdmp -O emdmp.c
|
||||
|
||||
cmp:
|
||||
|
||||
pr:
|
||||
@pr em.p mktables.c emdmp.c
|
||||
376
doc/em/iotrap.nr
376
doc/em/iotrap.nr
@@ -1,376 +0,0 @@
|
||||
.SN 8
|
||||
.VS 1 0
|
||||
.BP
|
||||
.S1 "ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS"
|
||||
EM programs can interact with their environment in three ways.
|
||||
Two, starting/stopping and monitor calls, are dealt with in this chapter.
|
||||
The remaining way to interact, interrupts, will be treated
|
||||
together with traps in chapter 9.
|
||||
.S2 "Program starting and stopping"
|
||||
EM user programs start with a call to a procedure called
|
||||
m_a_i_n.
|
||||
The assembler and backends look for the definition of a procedure
|
||||
with this name in their input.
|
||||
The call passes three parameters to the procedure.
|
||||
The parameters are similar to the parameters supplied by the
|
||||
UNIX
|
||||
.FS
|
||||
UNIX is a Trademark of Bell Laboratories.
|
||||
.FE
|
||||
operating system to C programs.
|
||||
These parameters are often called
|
||||
.BW argc ,
|
||||
.B argv
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BW envp .
|
||||
Argc is the parameter nearest to LB and is a wordsized integer.
|
||||
The other two are pointers to the first element of an array of
|
||||
string pointers.
|
||||
.N
|
||||
The
|
||||
.B argv
|
||||
array contains
|
||||
.B argc
|
||||
strings, the first of which contains the program call name.
|
||||
The other strings in the
|
||||
.B argv
|
||||
array are the program parameters.
|
||||
.P
|
||||
The
|
||||
.B envp
|
||||
array contains strings in the form "name=string", where 'name'
|
||||
is the name of an environment variable and string its value.
|
||||
The
|
||||
.B envp
|
||||
is terminated by a zero pointer.
|
||||
.P
|
||||
An EM user program stops if the program returns from the first
|
||||
invocation of m_a_i_n.
|
||||
The contents of the function return area are used to procure a
|
||||
wordsized program return code.
|
||||
EM programs also stop when traps and interrupts occur that are
|
||||
not caught and when the exit monitor call is executed.
|
||||
.S2 "Input/Output and other monitor calls"
|
||||
EM differs from most conventional machines in that it has high level i/o
|
||||
instructions.
|
||||
Typical instructions are OPEN FILE and READ FROM FILE instead
|
||||
of low level instructions such as setting and clearing
|
||||
bits in device registers.
|
||||
By providing such high level i/o primitives, the task of implementing
|
||||
EM on various non EM machines is made considerably easier.
|
||||
.P
|
||||
I/O is initiated by the MON instruction, which expects an iocode on top
|
||||
of the stack.
|
||||
Often there are also parameters which are pushed on the
|
||||
stack in reverse order, that is: last
|
||||
parameter first.
|
||||
Some i/o functions also provide results, which are returned on the stack.
|
||||
In the list of monitor calls we use several types of parameters and results,
|
||||
these types consist of integers and unsigneds of varying sizes, but never
|
||||
smaller than the wordsize, and the two pointer types.
|
||||
.N 1
|
||||
The names of the types used are:
|
||||
.IS 4
|
||||
.PS - 10
|
||||
.PT int
|
||||
an integer of wordsize
|
||||
.PT int2
|
||||
an integer whose size is the maximum of the wordsize and 2
|
||||
bytes
|
||||
.PT int4
|
||||
an integer whose size is the maximum of the wordsize and 4
|
||||
bytes
|
||||
.PT intp
|
||||
an integer with the size of a pointer
|
||||
.PT uns2
|
||||
an unsigned integer whose size is the maximum of the wordsize and 2
|
||||
.PT unsp
|
||||
an unsigned integer with the size of a pointer
|
||||
.PT ptr
|
||||
a pointer into data space
|
||||
.PE 1
|
||||
.IE 0
|
||||
The table below lists the i/o codes with their results and
|
||||
parameters.
|
||||
This list is similar to the system calls of the UNIX Version 7
|
||||
operating system.
|
||||
.BP
|
||||
.A
|
||||
To execute a monitor call, proceed as follows:
|
||||
.IS 2
|
||||
.N 1
|
||||
.PS a 4 "" )
|
||||
.PT
|
||||
Stack the parameters, in reverse order, last parameter first.
|
||||
.PT
|
||||
Push the monitor call number (iocode) onto the stack.
|
||||
.PT
|
||||
Execute the MON instruction.
|
||||
.PE 1
|
||||
.IE
|
||||
An error code is present on the top of the stack after
|
||||
execution of most monitor calls.
|
||||
If this error code is zero, the call performed the action
|
||||
requested and the results are available on top of the stack.
|
||||
Non-zero error codes indicate a failure, in this case no
|
||||
results are available and the error code has been pushed twice.
|
||||
This construction enables programs to test for failure with a
|
||||
single instruction (~TEQ or TNE~) and still find out the cause of
|
||||
the failure.
|
||||
The result name 'e' is reserved for the error code.
|
||||
.N 1
|
||||
List of monitor calls.
|
||||
.DS B
|
||||
number name parameters results function
|
||||
|
||||
1 Exit status:int Terminate this process
|
||||
2 Fork e,flag,pid:int Spawn new process
|
||||
3 Read fildes:int;buf:ptr;nbytes:unsp
|
||||
e:int;rbytes:unsp Read from file
|
||||
4 Write fildes:int;buf:ptr;nbytes:unsp
|
||||
e:int;wbytes:unsp Write on a file
|
||||
5 Open string:ptr;flag:int
|
||||
e,fildes:int Open file for read and/or write
|
||||
6 Close fildes:int e:int Close a file
|
||||
7 Wait e:int;status,pid:int2
|
||||
Wait for child
|
||||
8 Creat string:ptr;mode:int
|
||||
e,fildes:int Create a new file
|
||||
9 Link string1,string2:ptr
|
||||
e:int Link to a file
|
||||
10 Unlink string:ptr e:int Remove directory entry
|
||||
12 Chdir string:ptr e:int Change default directory
|
||||
14 Mknod string:ptr;mode,addr:int2
|
||||
e:int Make a special file
|
||||
15 Chmod string:ptr;mode:int2
|
||||
e:int Change mode of file
|
||||
16 Chown string:ptr;owner,group:int2
|
||||
e:int Change owner/group of a file
|
||||
18 Stat string,statbuf:ptr
|
||||
e:int Get file status
|
||||
19 Lseek fildes:int;off:int4;whence:int
|
||||
e:int;oldoff:int4 Move read/write pointer
|
||||
20 Getpid pid:int2 Get process identification
|
||||
21 Mount special,string:ptr;rwflag:int
|
||||
e:int Mount file system
|
||||
22 Umount special:ptr e:int Unmount file system
|
||||
23 Setuid userid:int2 e:int Set user ID
|
||||
24 Getuid e_uid,r_uid:int2 Get user ID
|
||||
25 Stime time:int4 e:int Set time and date
|
||||
26 Ptrace request:int;pid:int2;addr:ptr;data:int
|
||||
e,value:int Process trace
|
||||
27 Alarm seconds:uns2 previous:uns2 Schedule signal
|
||||
28 Fstat fildes:int;statbuf:ptr
|
||||
e:int Get file status
|
||||
29 Pause Stop until signal
|
||||
30 Utime string,timep:ptr
|
||||
e:int Set file times
|
||||
33 Access string,mode:int e:int Determine file accessibility
|
||||
34 Nice incr:int Set program priority
|
||||
35 Ftime bufp:ptr e:int Get date and time
|
||||
36 Sync Update filesystem
|
||||
37 Kill pid:int2;sig:int
|
||||
e:int Send signal to a process
|
||||
41 Dup fildes,newfildes:int
|
||||
e,fildes:int Duplicate a file descriptor
|
||||
42 Pipe e,w_des,r_des:int Create a pipe
|
||||
43 Times buffer:ptr Get process times
|
||||
44 Profil buff:ptr;bufsiz,offset,scale:intp Execution time profile
|
||||
46 Setgid gid:int2 e:int Set group ID
|
||||
47 Getgid e_gid,r_gid:int Get group ID
|
||||
48 Sigtrp trapno,signo:int
|
||||
e,prevtrap:int See below
|
||||
51 Acct file:ptr e:int Turn accounting on or off
|
||||
53 Lock flag:int e:int Lock a process
|
||||
54 Ioctl fildes,request:int;argp:ptr
|
||||
e:int Control device
|
||||
56 Mpxcall cmd:int;vec:ptr e:int Multiplexed file handling
|
||||
59 Exece name,argv,envp:ptr
|
||||
e:int Execute a file
|
||||
60 Umask complmode:int2 oldmask:int2 Set file creation mode mask
|
||||
61 Chroot string:ptr e:int Change root directory
|
||||
.DE 1
|
||||
Codes 0, 11, 13, 17, 31, 32, 38, 39, 40, 45, 49, 50, 52,
|
||||
55, 57, 58, 62, and 63 are
|
||||
not used.
|
||||
.P
|
||||
All monitor calls, except fork and sigtrp
|
||||
are the same as the UNIX version 7 system calls.
|
||||
.P
|
||||
The sigtrp entry maps UNIX signals onto EM interrupts.
|
||||
Normally, trapno is in the range 0 to 252.
|
||||
In that case it requests that signal signo
|
||||
will cause trap trapno to occur.
|
||||
When given trap number -2, default signal handling is reset, and when given
|
||||
trap number -3, the signal is ignored.
|
||||
.P
|
||||
The flag returned by fork is 1 in the child process and 0 in
|
||||
the parent.
|
||||
The pid returned is the process-id of the other process.
|
||||
.BP
|
||||
.S1 "TRAPS AND INTERRUPTS"
|
||||
EM provides a means for the user program to catch all traps
|
||||
generated by the program itself, the hardware, or external conditions.
|
||||
This mechanism uses five instructions: LIM, SIM, SIG, TRP and RTT.
|
||||
This section of the manual may be omitted on the first reading since it
|
||||
presupposes knowledge of the EM instruction set.
|
||||
.P
|
||||
The action taken when a trap occures is determined by the value
|
||||
of an internal EM trap register.
|
||||
This register contains a pointer to a procedure.
|
||||
Initially the pointer used is zero and all traps halt the
|
||||
program with, hopefully, a useful message to the outside world.
|
||||
The SIG instruction can be used to alter the trap register,
|
||||
it pops a procedure pointer from the
|
||||
stack into the trap register.
|
||||
When a trap occurs after storing a nonzero value in the trap
|
||||
register, the procedure pointed to by the trap register
|
||||
is called with the trap number
|
||||
as the only parameter (see below).
|
||||
SIG returns the previous value of the trap register on the
|
||||
stack.
|
||||
Two consecutive SIGs are a no-op.
|
||||
When a trap occurs, the trap register is reset to its initial
|
||||
condition, to prevent recursive traps from hanging the machine up,
|
||||
e.g. stack overflow in the stack overflow handling procedure.
|
||||
.P
|
||||
The runtime systems for some languages need to ignore some EM
|
||||
traps.
|
||||
EM offers a feature called the ignore mask.
|
||||
It contains one bit for each of the lowest 16 trap numbers.
|
||||
The bits are numbered 0 to 15, with the least significant bit
|
||||
having number 0.
|
||||
If a certain bit is 1 the corresponding trap never
|
||||
occurs and processing simply continues.
|
||||
The actions performed by the offending instruction are
|
||||
described by the Pascal program in appendix A.
|
||||
.N
|
||||
If the bit is 0, traps are not ignored.
|
||||
The instructions LIM and SIM allow copying and replacement of
|
||||
the ignore mask.~
|
||||
.P
|
||||
The TRP instruction generates a trap, the trap number being found on the
|
||||
stack.
|
||||
This is, among other things,
|
||||
useful for library procedures and runtime systems.
|
||||
It can also be used by a low level trap procedure to pass the trap to a
|
||||
higher level one (see example below).
|
||||
.P
|
||||
The RTT instruction returns from the trap procedure and continues after the
|
||||
trap.
|
||||
In the list below all traps marked with an asterisk ('*') are
|
||||
considered to be fatal and it is explicitly undefined what happens if
|
||||
you try to restart after the trap.
|
||||
.P
|
||||
The way a trap procedure is called is completely compatible
|
||||
with normal calling conventions. The only way a trap procedure
|
||||
differs from normal procedures is the return. It has to use RTT instead
|
||||
of RET. This is necessary because the complete runtime status is saved on the
|
||||
stack before calling the procedure and all this status has to be reloaded.
|
||||
Error numbers are in the range 0 to 252.
|
||||
The trap numbers are divided into three categories:
|
||||
.IS 4
|
||||
.N 1
|
||||
.PS - 10
|
||||
.PT ~~0-~63
|
||||
EM machine errors, e.g. illegal instruction.
|
||||
.PS - 8
|
||||
.PT ~0-15
|
||||
maskable
|
||||
.PT 16-63
|
||||
not maskable
|
||||
.PE
|
||||
.PT ~64-127
|
||||
Reserved for use by compilers, run time systems, etc.
|
||||
.PT 128-252
|
||||
Available for user programs.
|
||||
.PE 1
|
||||
.IE
|
||||
EM machine errors are numbered as follows:
|
||||
.DS I 5
|
||||
.TS
|
||||
tab(@);
|
||||
n l l.
|
||||
0@EARRAY@Array bound error
|
||||
1@ERANGE@Range bound error
|
||||
2@ESET@Set bound error
|
||||
3@EIOVFL@Integer overflow
|
||||
4@EFOVFL@Floating overflow
|
||||
5@EFUNFL@Floating underflow
|
||||
6@EIDIVZ@Divide by 0
|
||||
7@EFDIVZ@Divide by 0.0
|
||||
8@EIUND@Undefined integer
|
||||
9@EFUND@Undefined float
|
||||
10@ECONV@Conversion error
|
||||
16*@ESTACK@Stack overflow
|
||||
17*@EHEAP@Heap overflow
|
||||
18*@EILLINS@Illegal instruction
|
||||
19*@EODDZ@Illegal size argument
|
||||
20*@ECASE@Case error
|
||||
21*@EMEMFLT@Addressing non existent memory
|
||||
22*@EBADPTR@Bad pointer used
|
||||
23*@EBADPC@Program counter out of range
|
||||
24@EBADLAE@Bad argument of LAE
|
||||
25@EBADMON@Bad monitor call
|
||||
26@EBADLIN@Argument of LIN too high
|
||||
27@EBADGTO@GTO descriptor error
|
||||
.TE
|
||||
.DE 0
|
||||
.P
|
||||
As an example,
|
||||
suppose a subprocedure has to be written to do a numeric
|
||||
calculation.
|
||||
When an overflow occurs the computation has to be stopped and
|
||||
the higher level procedure must be resumed.
|
||||
This can be programmed as follows using the mechanism described above:
|
||||
.DS B
|
||||
mes 2,2,2 ; set sizes
|
||||
ersave
|
||||
bss 2,0,0 ; Room to save previous value of trap procedure
|
||||
msave
|
||||
bss 2,0,0 ; Room to save previous value of trap mask
|
||||
|
||||
pro calcule,0 ; entry point
|
||||
lxl 0 ; fill in non-local goto descriptor with LB
|
||||
ste jmpbuf+4
|
||||
lor 1 ; and SP
|
||||
ste jmpbuf+2
|
||||
lim ; get current ignore mask
|
||||
ste msave ; save it
|
||||
lim
|
||||
loc 16 ; bit for EFOVFL
|
||||
ior 2 ; set in mask
|
||||
sim ; ignore EFOVFL from now on
|
||||
lpi $catch ; load procedure identifier
|
||||
sig ; catch wil get all traps now
|
||||
ste ersave ; save previous trap procedure identifier
|
||||
; perform calculation now, possibly generating overflow
|
||||
1 ; label jumped to by catch procedure
|
||||
loe ersave ; get old trap procedure
|
||||
sig ; refer all following trap to old procedure
|
||||
asp 2 ; remove result of sig
|
||||
loe msave ; restore previous mask
|
||||
sim ; done now
|
||||
; load result of calculation
|
||||
ret 2 ; return result
|
||||
jmpbuf
|
||||
con *1,0,0
|
||||
end
|
||||
.DE 0
|
||||
.VS 1 1
|
||||
.DS
|
||||
Example of catch procedure
|
||||
pro catch,0 ; Local procedure that must catch the overflow trap
|
||||
lol 2 ; Load trap number
|
||||
loc 4 ; check for overflow
|
||||
bne *1 ; if other trap, call higher trap procedure
|
||||
gto jmpbuf ; return to procedure calcule
|
||||
1 ; other trap has occurred
|
||||
loe ersave ; previous trap procedure
|
||||
sig ; other procedure will get the traps now
|
||||
asp 2 ; remove the result of sig
|
||||
lol 2 ; stack trap number
|
||||
trp ; call other trap procedure
|
||||
rtt ; if other procedure returns, do the same
|
||||
end
|
||||
.DE
|
||||
2922
doc/em/itables
2922
doc/em/itables
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
|
||||
|
||||
case $# in
|
||||
1) make "$1".t ; ntlp "$1".t^lpr ;;
|
||||
*) echo $0 heeft een argument nodig ;;
|
||||
esac
|
||||
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
|
||||
case $# in
|
||||
1) make $1.t ; ntout $1.t ;;
|
||||
*) echo $0 heeft een argument nodig ;;
|
||||
esac
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user